how much dmaa in original jack3d. WTS Original Oxyelite Pro. how much dmaa in original jack3d

 
 WTS Original Oxyelite Prohow much dmaa in original jack3d S

5 Reviews. Will last a long time and make whatever preworkout you want much. ~. I would use a stimulant free pre workout like. Unlike other enhancement supplements, it is legal, and is not considered a performance enhancing drug by the World Anti-doping. The RDA of caffeine is to consume no more then 400mg of. ago. I have been paying $25 for Jack3d for years. . Awards. DMAA The supplement is called Jack3d (pronounced Jacked), but the ingredient that users say sets it apart from other pre-workout supplements is 1,3 dimethylamylamine – or DMAA. Well, it's back again! The Jack3d original formula has had a slight tweak in the ingredients for 2023. 100mg DMAA alone is a pretty high dose, mixed with all the other stims, this is just a dumb. “Food business operators, particularly sport and health stores and Irish based internet. The U. On other threads ( like this and this) people have mentioned it shows up as an amphetamine. Jack3d was not "banned". you can still find a ton of pwo's with dmaa. . Buy Jack3d Here: support me and the channel by shopping at Tiger Fitness using my affiliate link for all your supple. Save 42%. Jack3D Original DMAA HCl Lemon includes 1,3-Dimethylamylamine HCl1,3-Dimethylamylamine HCl is also known as Methylhexaneamine or DMAA. By: Search Advanced search…USPLABS Jack3d 45 Servings | Intense Powdered Pre-Workout Get Jacked If you're sick of wasting your hard earned money on Pre-Workout Supplements that leave you crashing before your workouts are finished. How much caffeine is in it? There is 135mg of caffeine per serving (scoop). The new formula contains DMHA instead. I recently bought a bottle of DMAA pills here and want to know how much DMAA is in one scoop of Jack3d so i can do comparable dosing? I doubt you'll find out as it's a proprietary blend, but I believe recommended dose is around 50-75mg See full list on skinnyyoked. Will last a long time and make whatever preworkout you want much. View Profile View Forum Posts anaBAWLik Join Date: Aug 2012. There is still original jack3d here in the U. To sidestep this regulation, USPlabs released Jack3d Micro to replace the original Jack3d with a. Max Intense with DMAA is 250mg caffeine/ 50 mg DMAA a scoop also. But dont worry dude, usp isnt the only company that uses it. By a bit, I mean you're gonna think they put fucking crack and meth in this shit, and it doesn't even contain caffeine. DMHA and Geranium Extract for that Superior Energy and Focus. Buy jack3d micro, add DMAA bulk powder= closest thing to jack3d you're gonna get. If not the exact amount how does 1 capsule of oxyelite pro compare with jack3d in regards to DMAA. ”. You should review some labels before you claim "people who don't know shit". It does not have DMAA. Come at me bro. Jack3d Pre Workout | New Formula | 45 Servings. Jack3d Pre Workout | New Formula | 45 Servings. Jun 10, 2016. The use of DMAA was banned in Australia by the Therapeutic Goods Administration in 2012, with the substance described as. Mesomorph would be pretty similar to the old Jack3d formula with DMAA, except way stronger. Expect the feeling to rush through your body approximately 5 minutes after drinking the pre workout. Jack3d was perhaps the most famous brand whose product contained DMAA. At 2 scoops energy boost was decent for me. but you can play around with it, and increase the dose slightly and see how. Other Names for DMHA 2-Amino-6. S. 65mg DMAA. Alpha Yohimbine: 5 mg. [Source 1, Source 2] 1,3 Dimethylamylamine HCl, or DMAA – Another naturally-found stimulant, DMAA helps in a different way. $64. The FDA has received 86. 5 Reviews. If you're sick of wasting your hard earned money on Pre-Workout Supplements that leave you crashing before your workouts are finished. ago. Jack3d® pre-workout gives users much more than expected in terms of energy, focus and powerful muscle pumps. Anyone know of another pre workout powder with DMAA? Thanks. Location: Michigan, United States. It was probably real if you paid well over $100. Brand - USPLabs; Item Form - Powder Much of the controversy stemmed from the popularity of the original Jack3d pre workout, which contained DMAA and sparked warning letters from the FDA in 2013. Beef Protein. Eria Jarensis: 300 mg. I would try about 60-80 mgs. Jack3d Review Summary. I don't think there's a comparable analog to DMHA or DMAA on the market right now. Flavor: * Strawberry Kiwi Green Apple Candy Carnival Cotton Candy Pineapple Grape Pink Lemonade Rocket Pop Snow Cone Tropical Punch Tutti Frutti Watermelon. This page has all of the Reviews from users just like you. The largest distributors are. Despite being among the most studied ingredients ever with 11 published peer-reviewed clinical & analytical. Given the fact that this is a high-stim pre-workout with 15. S. com Jack3d contains 135mg of caffeine per scoop. But Jack3d V2 now features a proprietary blend with ~4. ago. I took 3 scoops of no xplode the first time, I got itchy. Either way, it’s way cheaper than buying pre-mixed pre-workout with DMAA or DMHA (but we have options for that below). - Enjoy the music (Hardstyle/ rap / hard rock) Other effects: - Need to drink a lot. com said that Jack3d "produces an intense sensation of drive, focus, energy, motivation and awareness. Other Ingredients: Citric Acid, Natural & Artificial Flavors, Acesulfame-K, Sucralose, Silicon Dioxide, FD&C Red #40 and FD&C Blue #1. The controversy regarding the product is worldwide. It is tough to re-adjust. 1 other very common you might find is 1,3-dimethylamylamine. Og gone for more than 10 years. Hybrid, flame, decim8, dexter, le royal, Oxystim, the power, and el Jefe being some. Jack3d ainda vende aqui (Photo credit: brazucany. Jack3d is the preferred pre-workout of bodybuilders and power. you can still find a ton of pwo's with dmaa. Just get the dmaa separate and add it to your current favorite pre 🤷‍♂️. Because of this, supplements containing DMAA are more expensive than those containing DMHA. Mesomorph is 65mg DMAA/scoop. Save 42%. But Jack3d V2 now features a proprietary blend with ~4. Food and Drug Administration says DMAA is illegal. Hi-Tech Pharmaceuticals has filed an en banc appeal, claiming. We get a lot of soldiers come in to get their jack3d and oxyelite pro original. $37. Re: 1,3-Dimethylamylamine (Jack3d) and Drug Testing. Get ready to sweat with this thermogenic DMAA fat burner from the legendary Dark Labs (makers of Crack and Flame). Jack3d? overrated. - No wear (I go to my muscle failure on the bench without sign of wearness before, on the end of training) - Good mood ++. Plus DMHA is a stim, and there is like 2 other stims. This week I tried jack3d for the first time, 3 days on, 1 day off, 1 day on. LSU Recruiting •Pure DMAA. Add to cart. Our last Mesomorph comparison is with another infamous OG pre workout Jack3d. The U. What does Jack3d feel like? It hits very fast and very strong. I used to triple scoop. 07-01-2014, 11:53 AM #6. She started the race carrying a bottle containing the drink power Jack3D, one of many commerically available products that contain the stimulant methylhexanamine, which is commonly known as DMAA. An additional 134 false-positive samples were received and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) for DMAA. As a dietary supplement, mix 1 Ultra-Concentrated scoop Jack3D Original DMAA HCl. I miss legal Andro. Reply reply Advanced-Handle2417. and C4 Original Pre Workout by Cellucor. É ultra-concentrado, apenas necessita 250 ml de água por cada dose. I used the old jack3d formula for a very long time and was really happy with it as a PWO. [deleted] • 1 yr. The Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) listed nine “known” pre-workout brands including Crack, Napalm and Jack3D as being unauthorised medicines and warned consumers off them and retailers to remove them from store shelves or online catalogues. Complaints were first made about Jack3d in January 2012 but after an appeal from one retailer it took until August to get it, and all other products containing DMAA, properly banned. Jack3d pre workout review Original jack3d formula. but you can play around with. But, what it lacks for here, it makes up for in other extracts and ingredients. Food and Drug Administration, USP Labs, LLC has said to have destroyed all of its DMAA-containing products including, OxyElite Pro with DMAA and Jack3D. Is this the original formula? No this is not. 9K subscribers Subscribe 15K views 3 years ago Legendary Supps gave us a tub of this ‘Original’ Formula. 250g can /OLD FORMULA / old version / US version Jack3d DMAA. Plus DMHA is a stim, and there is like 2 other stims. It was replaced by DMHA. Banned. Even if you take 3 servings you'll still only be at half of what Pre JYM is. Jack 3D Original DMAA HCl Lemon. We get a lot of soldiers come in to get their jack3d and oxyelite pro original. ago. When did the original. 3% of the false-positive samples at a concentration of approximately 6. Can Women Use Jack3d? Jack3d ainda vende aqui (Photo credit: brazucany. 95. Seen a few articals going round saying the original DMAA jack3d is legal again and will be re stocked in stores over the coming months with a 10% cost increase. The stimulant resurfaced in 2006 when American chemist Patrick Arnold reintroduced it as a dietary supplement. Jack3d is now powered by 2-Aminoisoheptane (DMHA), caffeine, and more powerful stimulants to give you the burst of energy that you need to keep you going during your toughest workouts. Unlike other enhancement supplements, it is legal, and is not considered a performance enhancing drug by the World Anti-doping Authority. WTS Original Oxyelite Pro. 00, sadly the expiration date was definitely originally 2012. How many grams of DMAA are in Jack3D? October 28, 2022 3 0. The mix 350mg caf / 100 mg DMHA / 50 mg DMAA is amazing. So everything in it is severely underdosed even with 2-3 scoops (except the DMAA and maybe caff). GNC. by USP Labs. (Asked by Kyle) Best Answer:. DMAA and DMHA have been available as stand-alones or as part of a few "pre-workout" concoctions in recent years, but you won't find them at GNC or WalMart lol. Jack3d no longer contains DMAA. The original Jack3d pre-workout supplement has built a bit of a reputation for its focus and stimulus effects. 1,3 Dimethylamylamine was originally extracted from geranium, and 3rd party lab tests have shown that it is truly part of the stem and oil of the geranium plant. The revised Jack3d product without DMAA has however proved extremely popular anyway, users have found it very effective (read a review of Jack3d Advanced Formula here). Is USP Labs Jack3d Micro Available? No, this product has been discontinued. I used the old jack3d formula for a very long time and was really happy with it as a PWO. Shop By. 497K subscribers in the GYM community. Better use EC preworkout tho. Get ready to sweat with this thermogenic DMAA fat burner from the legendary Dark Labs (makers of Crack and Flame). Moderator. by USP Labs. But for what it does is a pretty shitty stimulant. Best bang for the buck I have ever used. I brought jack3d as a change, having heard and made small researches on the web to find out it might be better then N. S. Forums. Jack3d Pre-Workout Ingredients. GBB HCL: 50 mg. Jack3d by USP Labs is a potent pre-workout supplement designed to elevate energy levels, enhance focus, and increase endurance during workouts. Conclusion: DMAA vs. CryptoFake. The U. The Original Jack3d formula contains creatine, beta alanine, caffeine and the main focus-point is 1,3 Dimethylamylamine, better known as Methylhexanamine or DMAA. USPLabs Jack3d Reformulated. 150mg+ could be fatal. The ingredients listed for Jack3d is 4,145 mg of a proprietary blend of arginine a-ketoglutarate, creatine monohydrate, b-alanine, caffeine, 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA), and schizandrol . If you tolerate Jack 3D Original DMAA HCl Raspberry well, the dosage can be increased to 2-3 scoops. Huge Nutrition – Wrecked. The second (dmaa free) version happened a little over a year and a half ago I believe around the same time BPI inked with GNC. Like No_BS_Supps said, just get DMAA separate if you can or buy something like Dark Labs Crack etc. 95. Jack3d aka Jacked is the Ultimate Pre-Workout Training Matrix and training aid with Geranium Extract. Micro is basically soda. Jack3d Pre Workout Original Formula is perhaps the most popular supplement ever released. DMAA Dangers Compared To Other Questionable Substances Adderall. 6. Original jack3d formula: 8 g. Now we’ve covered all the important information about the product itself, let’s talk about the cost. #6. EDIT: The ban isn't from the FDA, its the military itself forbidding sales of it on bases. 96. Apprehensive-Task778 • 1 yr. Just a comparison, his pre workout (Pre JYM) has around 26g of ingredients that are all fully disclosed. LC-MS-MS analysis revealed the presence of DMAA in 92. 1 grams) with 4 ounces of cold water and consume 30-45 minutes prior to resistance training. Worldwide shipping. Directions: Mix 1 Ultra-Concentrated Scoop (5. How about a fucking source? Looking at the ingredient label micro has no DMAA, no creatine, and far less vitamins and acids. The FDA says that an ingredient in the original formula, called DMAA, or 1,3 dimethylamylamine, is an unregistered, ” illegal dietary supplement “. I tried a lot of combinations, but the best by far (especially in terms of. S. ———. · 9y. So, I bought some DMAA back in 20 that I use, it’s a straight powder with a micro scoop, so I do 30mgs. But dont worry dude, usp isnt the only company that uses it. Feb 16, 2014. Jack3d as a pre-workout supplement. S. Jack3d doesn't seem to have that effect for some reason. DMAA is slightly stronger than DMHA: 70-75 mg DMAA is similar to 200 mg DMHA. On August 30, 2019, three judges in a panel from the 11th Circuit’s Court of Appeals upheld the District Court’s decision that despite having been found in nature several times, DMAA is not a Dietary Supplement per the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA). Actually, DMAA & 1,3 are nomenclatures for 4-methylhexan-2-amine. Shop Dark Labs Shop Muscle Players. Use it if you want, its not gonna kill you. 2 more replies. USPLABS Jack3d Pre-Workout 45 Servingsw/ DMHA. xLGx. FEATURES DMHA and Geranium Extract for that Superior Energy and Focus; 3 Scoop serving size to Dial in your. I would say most people like 50-75mgs of DMAA. . Shop Nutri Cartel. the markers of Jack3d. Jack3d Pre Workout is intended for healthy adults looking to enhance their exercise performance. Overall, I give Jack3d a 5/5 stars. ago. Recently I started to feel as if it's not giving any additional power/push. Apprehensive-Task778 • 1 yr. CryptoPeople are often confused about the difference between DMAA aka 1,3-dimethylamylamine and Geranium Extract. The Jack3d® pre-workout formula is so potent that you only need a single 4. Jack3d is the preferred pre-workout of. however, based on your comments,. Fat Burning Protein. which apparently, is [not] found in the geranium genus. The original Jack3d pre-workout you love is back. O. The new Jack3d Advanced formula is much like the original except for the loss of DMAA and addition of Yohimbe and Norcoclaurine HCl. 96. Some still miss the original product but if it’s banned and alternatives are available there’s no need to miss it too much. The FDA has received 86 adverse event reports believed to be linked to DMAA. SKU uspJ3D. Jack3d Micro. When did the original Jack3d get. com ForumsWhat’s crazy about this one is that it came out in 2014, well after everyone else stopped producing DMAA! It’s a long story discussed on our Jack’d Up page linked above andIn 2005, chemist Patrick Arnold formulated a pre-workout which contained a new ingredient called DMAA (dimethylamylamine). Posts: 2,974. How much DMAA do you normally dose? Results 1 to 22 of 22 Thread: How much. kbayne said: 300mg Caffeine. 50-60mg is a common dosage for preworkout. To OP, original is much better overall, though I like the agmatine in the Micro formula. The supplement is called Jack3d (pronounced Jacked), but the ingredient that users say sets it apart from other pre-workout supplements is 1,3 dimethylamylamine – or DMAA. 65g) Servings Per Container: 15-45. The stimulant 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA; also known as methylhexaneamine) had been a component of many dietary supplements in the United States until the Food and Drug Administration warned retailers that DMAA did not have ample evidence of safety []. There’s no doubt it’s a stimulant, much like caffeine, but the TOTAL adverse event reports about DMAA, numbered less than a hundred, for a product that literally tens of thousands were using. Effects : - Boost of energy. UPC: 811836023091. USP Labs, in particular, came under fire for including DMAA in a few of their workout formulations, including OxyElite Pro and the original Jack3d recipe. First off, Jack3d is a pre-workout with arginine alpha-ketoglutarate, creatine monohydrate, beta alanine, caffeine, 1,3 dimethylamylamine HCL, and Schisandra chinensis extract. The military still forbids sale of products containing 1,3 DMAA. The U. Meal Replacement. Much of the controversy stemmed from the popularity of the original Jack3d pre workout, which contained DMAA and sparked warning letters from the FDA in 2013. 3 weeks on another so my body doesnt get so used to the dmaa; original jacked is the best though **BMW E92 M3 Crew** **Vibram Five Fingers Crew** **Hk crew** **MFC** instagram =. The supplement is called Jack3d (pronounced Jacked), but the ingredient that users say sets it apart from other pre-workout supplements is 1,3 dimethylamylamine – or DMAA. Best Topics; Common Information; Hot Questions; Latest Articles; Tips and Advice; Useful Tips; Home | Fitness | How many grams of DMAA are in Jack3D? Fitness. I would say most people like 50-75mgs of DMAA. More specifically the DMAA in it. DMHA Benefits DMHA can boost your workout performance, burn fat, increase weight loss & support appetite suppression. DMHA Half Life The DMHA half life is between 9 - 11 hours. Does Jack3d Still Contain DMAA? No. The original Jack3D had DMAA in it. This powerhouse contains 1,3-Dimethylamylamine HCl, also. Proprietary Blend: 12,435mg. How much DMAA is in jack3d? Creatine is a naturally occurring acid that supplies the muscles with energy, and is believed to increase lean muscle mass, and help the body recover more quickly after exercise. Here’s some ingredients in one serving of Jack3d: Caffeine (100 mg per serving) Creatine Matrix (Patented Blend) Rhodiola Rosea Extract (For Energy)The most popular bodybuilding message boards!Jack3d Original DMAA HCl Effect! Jack3d Original DMAA HCl is a potent blend of ingredients cherished by athletes and bodybuilders for their high-octane pre-workout kick. Some still miss the original product but if it’s banned and alternatives are available there’s no need to miss it too much. Jack3d no longer contains DMAA. VAT. How Much Caffeine Is In Jack3d? There is 135 mg of caffeine per serving (scoop) in Jack3d. Have any of you guys had first hand experience with. Last month, a coroner in Britain cited the stimulant in the death of Claire Squires, 30, who took Jack3d before running the London Marathon last year, collapsed late in the race and died. A community for Redditors to discuss any topics relating to general fitness; with an emphasis on barbell &…Jack 3D DMAA Pre Workout USP Raspberry Dosage: Use only 1-1. The new Jack3d pre-workout formula is pretty damn good. Jim Stoppanis supplement are one of the few. As a. Act fast before it's gone. Our last Mesomorph comparison is with another infamous OG pre workout Jack3d. Thanks everyone with the clarification. Today I based my dose off of what was in a typical serving of jacked apparently 25mg and I usually took 2 servings which would equate to 50mg. Whey Protein. * CURRENT JACK3D 2022 VS ORIGINAL JACK3D FORMULA INGREDIENTS. Definitely worth a try for that price. Do this the first 3 times using the product. Did C4 contain DMAA? C4 Extreme is no longer manufactured with DMAA. 1. Hi-Tech Pharmaceuticals has filed an en banc appeal, claiming. The Original Jack3d formula contains creatine, beta alanine, caffeine and the main focus-point is 1,3 Dimethylamylamine, better known as Methylhexanamine or DMAA. Shop Dark Labs Shop Muscle Players. The USP Labs Jack3d pre-workout is: fast action, strong agitation, a huge boost of energy, supports well-being; Discover the components of the new USP LABS Jack3d version: Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate - is involved in the formation of nitric oxide and thus has the ability to dilate blood vessels, allowing better blood supply to muscles and soft. Jack3d has been banned in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and New Zealand, where DMAA has emerged as one of he main ingredients in party pills known to cause adverse effects. It has a 2 gram proprietary blend of beta alanine, l-arginine, arginine AKG, citrulline, n-acetyl l-tyrosine, caffeine, and 20mg DMAA. Compare the structure of DMAA to the structure of DMHA and you’ll understand why DMHA is said to have about 70-80% the strength of DMAA. It's not fear mongering. It’s got some incredibly powerful stimulants, adaptogenic herbs, and a good dose of caffeine. Can you guys tell me if the formula changed much? wasn't sure about DMAA still there? LevButlerov Staff. But Jack3d was my first supp with DMAA. While the FDA cites 5 deaths where DMAA was present in the individual’s system, it has not been able to prove that the DMAA was the cause of death. How much caffeine is in it? There is 135mg of caffeine per serving (scoop). It was in the original jack3d formula before it got banned. I just would never want to take yohimbine and dmaa together. Use it if you want, its not gonna kill you. Caffeine: 250 mg. 95. Food and Drug. I finally ran out of my supply of the original jack3d does anyone have any alternatives that work just as well. Does Jack3d contain DMAA? No. Id avoid it though, the DMAA in it responsible for the crazy energy is an adaptive CNA stimulant (very easy to develop a dependency and very severe once you do) and a vasoconstrictor (decreases delivery of oxygen and nutrients via blood flow, meaning less gains). I came across an unfinished bottle of the original oxyelite pro in my house the other day. Moreover, the label on Jack3D simply stated that it contained a proprietary blend, so the consumers couldn’t know how much DMAA they were consuming. 0. Seems like Hi-Tech Jack'd Up has been discontinued. The FDA has received 86 adverse event reports believed to be linked to DMAA. It helps your brain provide a small extra bit of. The FDA called upon the makers of Jack3d and other companies that use DMAA in their products to prove its safety and that it came from a natural source (they claimed it was "geranium extract") or risk being shut down. 1,3-DMAA (1,3-Dimethylamylamine) is a neural stimulant with a construction much like ephedrine and adrenaline that has been used as a pre-workout stimulant. Directions: Mix 1-3 scoops with 6-12 oz. The old formula contain. Overview Of Jack3d Pre workout by USP Labs. When the concerns about DMAA came up, I read up, decided for myself that there was an acceptably low amount of risk and continued happily on my way. Not saying Micro is snake oil, just that I don't think it's as effective as a stimulant product, based on what I was able to find on the ingredients. 2 grams of active ingredients per scoop and about 135mg of Caffeine per scoop. Shop Deals & Closeouts. As a result of recent legal action by the U. Something I love in pre workouts is the Beta Alanine tingling. Jack3d by USP Labs is a potent pre-workout supplement designed to elevate energy levels, enhance focus, and increase endurance during workouts. [deleted] • 1 yr. I’ll probably work my way up 20mg at a time. Mesomorph is 65mg DMAA/scoop. Instead I took 5 scoops which equates to 40mg with Fina Flex Stimulate pre workout and It was comparable to the old Jack3d product. Is USP Labs Jack3d Micro Available? No, this product has been discontinued. USP labs Jack3d Pre-workout FormulaThe best. Flavor: * Strawberry Kiwi Green Apple Candy Carnival Cotton Candy Pineapple Grape Pink Lemonade Rocket Pop Snow Cone Tropical Punch Tutti Frutti Watermelon. You can actually go buy these ingredients and blend them together to make something similar to what the original jack3d formula was. Hopefully this *) and c4 (4 scoops). Shop Nutri Cartel. Beginning with the 4th use, if needed, you may gradually increase serving by a half scoop (2. look in gumtree for the old Jack3d. One quite recently. This ingredient is contained in Jack3d and would cause you to fail. Question: Will Jack3d help me lose weight? Or will it just add bulk. No. . But… just find a preworkout you like and start with like 25mgs added (that was what was in original jack3d per scoop) and work up from there until you find the perfect dose for you. How much DMAA is in jack3d? Creatine is a naturally occurring acid that supplies the muscles with energy, and is believed to increase lean muscle mass, and help the body recover more quickly after exercise. I work at a vitamin shoppe and we have truckloads of the original jack3d and oxy elite. 405mg of Caffeine in full dose. Protein. I never tried the new formula but went through 2 or 3 bottles of the original stuff from January 2011-August 2013. The controversy regarding the product is worldwide. legal VAT. Jack3d is intended to provide a variety of benefits for athletes and bodybuilders. Com Jack3d você não terá uma queda de energia durante um treino. When the concerns about DMAA came up, I read up, decided for myself that there was an acceptably low amount of risk and continued happily on my way. html Can't post a proper link^ Add dots. Beta Alanine (tingles) Fernando Reis, 105+kg 2010 American Open champion and 2011 National Collegiate champion has tested positive and will be ineligible for six months . Mesomorph and Jacked Up are a couple off the top of my head.